A G E N T  O R A N G E  &  O T H E R  D E F O L I A N T S

The United States Begins Use of Defoliants Jan. 12, 1962

Pink Rose...During the Pink Rose test program target areas near Tay Ninh and An Loc, Vietnam were sprayed with defoliation agents twice and with a drying agent once. Ten flights of three B-52s each dropped 42 M-35 incendiary incendiary cluster bombs, per aircraft, into the target area setting fires that burned the heavy growth as well as enemy fortifications hidden there. Sweeping over the tree-tops this C-123 Ranch Hand aircraft sprays defoliant over the target area., 01/1967

What is Agent Orange?   |  Agent Orange Photo  |  The 15 Herbicides Used in Vietnam  |  List of Presumptive Diseases  |  News Items  |  Spina Bifida Information  |  Agent Orange Links  |  Fact Sheet on Vietnam Veterans  |  Map of Vietnam Sprayed Areas  |

Agent Orange Overview.  Approximately 20 million gallons of herbicides were used in Vietnam between 1962 and 1971 to remove unwanted plant life and leaves which otherwise provided cover for enemy forces during the Vietnam Conflict.  

Shortly following their military service in Vietnam, some veterans reported a variety of health problems and concerns which some of them attributed to exposure to Agent Orange or other herbicides.

The Department of Veterans Affairs has developed a comprehensive program to respond to these medical problems and concerns.  The principal elements of this program include quality healthcare services, disability compensation for veterans with service-connected illnesses, scientific research and outreach and education. Source: VA

The Fifteen Herbicides Used in Vietnam

• PURPLE: A formulation of 2,4,-D and 2,4,5,-T used between 1962 and 1964.
  GREEN: Contained 2,4,5-T and was used 1962-1964.
  PINK: Contained 2,4,5-T and was used 1962-1964.
  ORANGE: A formulation of 2,4,-D and 2,4,5-T used between 1965 and 1970.
  WHITE: A formulation of Picloram and 2,4,-D.
  BLUE: Contained cacodylic acid.
  ORANGE II: A formualtion of 2,4,-D and 2,4,5-T used in 1968 & 1969
  (sometimes referred as "Super Orange")

• DINOXOL: A formulation of 2,4,-D and 2,4,,5-T.
  Small quantities were tested in Vietnam between 1962 & 1964. 
  TRINOXOL: Contained 2,4,5-T. Small quantities tested in Vietnam 1962-1964.
  BROMACIL
  DIQUAT:
  TANDEX:
  MONURON:
  DIURON:
  DALAPON:

*Small quantities of all of the above were tested in Vietnam, 1962-1964.
*Source: Lewispublishing, Agent Orange Website.

Diseases Associated With Exposure to Agent Orange

These are the diseases which VA currently presumes resulted from exposure to herbicides like Agent Orange. The law requires that some of these diseases be at least 10% disabling under VA’s rating regulations within a deadline that began to run the day you left Vietnam. If there is a deadline, it is listed in parentheses after the name of the disease.

• Chloracne or other acneform disease consistent with chloracne. (Must occur within one year of exposure to Agent Orange). 

• Diabetes Mellitus, Type II 

• Hodgkin’s disease. 

• Multiple myeloma. 

• Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. 

• Acute and subacute peripheral neuropathy. (For purposes of this section, the term acute and subacute peripheral neuropathy means temporary peripheral neuropathy that appears within weeks or months of exposure to an herbicide agent and resolves within two years of the date of onset.)

• Porphyria cutanea tarda. (Must occur within one year of exposure to Agent Orange). 

• Prostate cancer.

• Respiratory cancers (cancer of the lung, bronchus, larynx, or trachea). 

• Soft-tissue sarcoma (other than osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, or mesothelioma).

& CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA -- See Story Below

What if I served in Vietnam and Have a Disease Not on VA'S List?

If you served in Vietnam and believe that you have a disease caused by herbicide exposure, but that disease is not on VA'S list of diseases associated with herbicides like Agent Orange, you may still apply for service-connection. Such a veteran needs to establish entitlement to service connection on a "direct" (rather than "presumptive") basis. In these cases, VA requires:

1)   competent medical evidence of a current disability;
2)   competent evidence of exposure to a herbicide in Vietnam; and
3)   competent medical evidence of a nexus (casual relationship) between the herbicide exposure and the current disability.

For more Q/A about Agent Orange access:
http://www.vba.va.gov/bln/21/benefits/herbicide/AOno3.htm

----------NEWS ITEMS----------

Department Of Veterans Affairs
(Effective Dates of Benefits for Disability or Death Caused By Herbicide)

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is adding a new provision to disability compensation and dependency and indemnity compensation (DIC) regulations. The new rule will allow certain disability claims associated with herbicide exposure to be awarded even if the same claims had been previously denied. Benefits awarded will be retroactive to the date of the claim or the date of the previously denied claim. The new rule also provides that VA may pay to certain survivors of a deceased beneficiary, or to the beneficiary's estate, any amounts the beneficiary was entitled to receive under the effective-date provisions of this rule, but which were not paid prior to the beneficiary's death. The purpose of this rule is to reflect the requirements of court orders in a class-action case.

Daschle Legislation Leads to this Expansion of Benefits

Senator Daschle Applauds VA Decision to Compensate
Vietnam Veterans Suffering from Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia .

WASHINGTON, D.C. - Senator Tom Daschle today applauded the decision by Secretary of Veterans Affairs Anthony Principi to extend benefits to Vietnam veterans suffering from Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). CLL is a cancer of the lymphatic system that often progresses slowly.

The VA made its decision today after the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released its biennial report to the Secretary regarding Agent Orange-related diseases and conditions. The IOM literature shows _sufficient evidence of an association between CLL and exposure to toxic herbicides in Vietnam._ Legislation sponsored by Senator Daschle in 1991 created the process that allowed for this update.

 Throughout my career, I have fought to ensure that Vietnam veterans who were exposed to Agent Orange get the treatment and compensation they deserve, said Senator Daschle. _America owes its veterans a tremendous debt, and I am committed to seeing that the federal government meets its obligations.

From 1962 to 1971, U.S. military forces sprayed herbicides over Vietnam to strip the thick jungle canopy that helped conceal opposition forces, to destroy crops that enemy forces might depend on, and to clear tall grasses and bushes from the perimeters of U.S. base camps and outlying fire-support bases. The herbicide mixtures used were named according to the color of an identification band painted on the storage drums; one of the main chemical mixtures sprayed was Agent Orange.

 Daschle, a Vietnam-era Air Force veteran, has been a long-time advocate for veterans and families dealing with the health effects of Agent Orange exposure.  In his first year in Congress, 1979, Daschle helped win passage of the Veterans Health Programs Extension and Improvement Act, which required the VA to conduct an epidemiological study of the long-term health effects of veterans_ exposures to Agent Orange. 

Over the next 11 years, he and others won passage of legislation providing a health care entitlement to veterans exposed to Agent Orange and to expand the scope of the Agent Orange study. Daschle’s landmark accomplishment came when Congress finally passed the Agent Orange Act of 1991, the first comprehensive law to address the problems of veterans exposed to Agent Orange.  The act allows veterans to receive disability compensation for diseases shown to be associated

with their exposure to Agent Orange and other herbicides and also requires a biennial review of new dioxin and other relevant research, with mechanisms for updating VA disability compensation eligibility guidelines.

Daschle said today’s decision means that Vietnam veterans with CLL will qualify for disability compensation of approximately $2,300 per month and will not have to pay copayments for treatments for CLL. They will also have improved access to VA health services.

Related Story:  VA To Grant Benefits To More Vietnam Veterans - WASHINGTON – Based upon a recently released review of scientific studies, Secretary of Veterans Affairs Anthony J. Principi has decided to extend benefits to Vietnam veterans with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). (1/23/03)

Spina Bifida Healthcare

The Following Re-published From:  The VA Spina Bifida Web Site.
Please access the VA for complete information and downloadable forms.

Dept. of Veterans Affairs
Health Adm. Center
Spina Bifida Healthcare

Overview

In addition to monetary allowances, vocational training and rehabilitation, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) also provides VA-financed healthcare benefits to Vietnam veterans' birth children diagnosed with spina bifida. For the purpose of this program, spina bifida is defined as all forms or manifestations of spina bifida (except spina bifida occulta), including complications or associated medical conditions related to spina bifida.

Healthcare benefits available under this program are limited to those necessary for the treatment of spina bifida and related medical conditions. Beneficiaries should be aware that this program is not a comprehensive healthcare plan and does not cover medical services unrelated to spina bifida.

While administration of the program is centralized to VA's Health Administration Center (HAC) in Denver, Colorado, applications must first be made through the Denver VA regional office. Contact the Denver regional office by calling 1-888-820-11756. Once the Denver VA regional office determines eligibility, spina bifida awardees (or guardians) are automatically contacted by the Health Administration Center and registered for healthcare benefits. Beneficiaries receive detailed program material from HAC specifically addressing covered and noncovered services and supplies, preauthorization requirements, and claim filing instructions.

Once registered, the HAC assumes responsibility for all aspects of the spina bifida healthcare program, including the authorization of benefits and the subsequent processing and payment of claims.

Spina Bifida Healthcare Program (01-6)
Spina Bifida What Conditions Need Support Documentation (01-13)

Benefits

In general, the program covers most healthcare services and supplies that are medically or psychologically necessary for the treatment of conditions related to spina bifida. While some services require specific advance approval or preauthorization, the following services are specifically excluded from coverage

• care unrelated to spina bifida 

• care as part of a grant study or research program 

• care considered experimental or investigational 

• drugs not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for commercial marketing 

• services, procedures or supplies for which the beneficiary has no legal obligation to pay, such as 

• services obtained at a health fair services provided outside the scope of the provider's license or certification 

• services rendered by providers suspended or sanctioned by a federal agency

Assistance

Eligibility/Application Information 1-800-820-1756
Healthcare Benefits Information/Registration
By phone 1-888-820-1756
Monday-Friday, 10:00 AM to 1:30 PM and 2:30 to 4:30 PM Eastern
By fax 1-303-331-7807
By mail VA Health Administration Center Spina Bifida Healthcare Benefits PO Box 65025 Denver, CO 80206-9025 -- By email: spina.inq@med.va.gov

(News & Information Links)

Vietnam Veterans now have a new national toll-free helpline to answer their questions about Agent Orange exposure, health care and benefits..... (Mar. 9, 2001) Click Here

VA has developed a specific Agent Orange Web Page in conjunction with the helpline.  It can be accessed at www.vba.va.gov/bln/21/benefits/herbicide.

VA To Create Benefits for Some Childhood Leukemia Victims -- April 20, 2001 -- Washington -- Hours after receiving a study that linked Agent Orange to a deadly form of childhood leukemia, Secretary of Veterans Affairs Anthony J. Principi ordered the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to begin setting up benefits for these children. Click here to read full press release

Vietnamese and U.S. officials have agreed for the first time to study the possible effects of Agent Orange. Click on CNN World to read this article.

V.A. News Release: Nov. 9th, 2000 Washington D.C.

Vietnam Veterans with Type II Diabetes will now be eligible for disability compensation from the department of Veteran Affairs based on their presumed exposure to Agent Orange or other herbicides. Acting Secretary Hershel W. Goober announced today his decision to add Diabetes to the list of presumptive diseases associated with herbicide exposure. Full Story Access: V.A.Website

Benefits Approved for Children of
Women Vietnam Veterans with Certain Birth Defects

This legislation will provide monthly disability allowances, vocational training, and health care to women Vietnam veterans' children born with certain medical conditions. "These women veterans made huge sacrifices to protect our freedom, and it is only just that their children with resulting medical conditions be compensated," commented President Clinton the day of the bill signing. "Similar benefits are currently afforded to such children who were born with spina bifida, but this Act will expand benefits beyond that one condition."

Korea Agent Orange Exams

If you Served in Korea's DMZ in 1968-1969 you may receive a free VA medical exam to test for exposure to Agent Orange sprayed by the South Korean Army. This will not entitle you to any compensation for illness related to chemical defoliant exposure however. You may be listed on the Agent Orange Registry and have your health conditioned tracked in research database. A VA newsletter will be sent out to you with any further updates. This Sept. 5th Directive from the VA can be Accessed by going to the VA Website.

Correction : From Department of Veterans Affairs; On page 14 of Agent Orange Review: The article on Korean Veterans may have erroneously indicated that veterans exposed to herbicides outside Vietnam are not entitled to any presumptions. Of course as was stated on pages 11-12, this is not the case.

If it is determined that a veteran was exposed outside Vietnam during his or her military service to a chemical contained in one of the herbicides used in Vietnam, and he or she has a disease on VA'S presumptive list, it will be presumed to be service connected. We apologize for any confusion. VA

FROM AGENT ORANGE 2000
FACT SHEET ON VIETNAM VETERANS

For VA benefits, two dates are used for the “Vietnam era:” ¹

t        Feb. 28, 1961 to May 7, 1975, for veterans who served in Vietnam

t        Aug. 5, 1964 to May 7, 1975, for all other veterans

Vietnam Veterans

l        9.2 million served on active duty (Aug. 5, 1964 to May 7, 1975) ²

l        2,590,000 served in the combat zone ⁷

l        109,000 died in service ²

l        58,184 died in the combat zone or from combat wounds ⁴

l        8,113,000 are still alive ²

Vietnam Vets and VA Health Care ³

l  125,275 vets were hospitalized 206,763 times in VA facilities last year

l  989,833 vets visited VA clinics 12,704,963 times last year

l  991, 672 vets received some VA health care last year

Vietnam Vets and VA benefits ⁵

l  737,397 vets received disability compensation in February

l  112,207 family members of dead vets receive survivors benefits

l  102,088 vets received VA pensions for non-service disabilities

Vietnam Veterans and Agent Orange ⁶

            l  297,194 vets took exams under Agent Orange Registry since March 2000

            l  99,226 filed claims alleging Agent Orange affected their health

            l  7,520 receive VA disability compensation for Agent Orange-related causes

Notes

1.      38 U.S. Code, 101 (29).

2.      “America’s Wars,” Department of Veterans Affairs, August 1999.

3.      “Inpatients and Outpatients by Period of Service, FY 1999,” April 2000, Office of Program and Data Analyses VA.

4.      “U.S. Military Casualties in Southeast Asia,” March 31, 1997, Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Service, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports.  (http://web1.whs.osd.mil/mmid/casualty).

5.      “Active Compensation, Pension and Retirement Cases By Period of Service,” February 2000, Office of Program and Data Analyses, VA.

6.      “Agent Orange: Statistical Update,” March 2000, VA Office of Public Affairs, Media Relations Office (80-F).

7.      Pentagram, June 4, 1993